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Aims To assess the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) when the daily dose was adapted according to saliva cotinine concentrations.
Design Randomized, multi‐centre, single‐blind, controlled trial.
Setting Twenty‐one smoking cessation clinics in France.
Participants A total of 310 smokers with medical comorbidities, motivated to quit, smoking ≥10 cigarettes/day, for whom smoking cessation...
Aims To investigate whether the FTO rs9939609 A allele (a risk factor for obesity) is associated with measures of alcohol consumption.
Design Population‐based cross‐sectional study and two case–control studies.
Setting Poland and the Warsaw area.
Participants A total of 6584 subjects from the WOBASZ survey and two cohorts of alcohol‐dependent patients (n = 145 and n = 148).
Measurements Questionnaire...
Aims Motivation to quit smoking predicts quit attempts, although little is known about the role played by its different aspects. This study assessed the predictive value of desire, duty and intention to quit, three different aspects of motivation.
Design A longitudinal study was conducted involving a nationally representative sample of smokers assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months later. Baseline...
Aims US college drinking data and a simple population model of alcohol consumption are used to explore the impact of social and contextual parameters on the distribution of light, moderate and heavy drinkers. Light drinkers become moderate drinkers under social influence, moderate drinkers may change environments and become heavy drinkers. We estimate the drinking reproduction number, Rd, the average...
Aims In field studies assessing cognitive function in illicit ecstasy users, there are several frequent confounding factors that might plausibly bias the findings toward an overestimate of ecstasy‐induced neurocognitive toxicity. We designed an investigation seeking to minimize these possible sources of bias.
Design We compared illicit ecstasy users and non‐users while (1) excluding individuals...
Aims In this study we examine whether the recent, sharp increase in mortality in the United States due to accidental poisoning since 2000 is the result of the aging of the baby boom cohort or, instead, a historical trend apparent among decedents of all ages.
Design We conducted an age–period–cohort analysis using data from the US Vital Statistics and the US Census covering the period 1968–2007....
Aims To systematically review rigorous evaluation studies into the effectiveness of interventions in and around licensed premises that aimed to reduce severe intoxication and disorder.
Methods A systematic search was conducted. Papers that rigorously evaluated interventions based in and around licensed premises to reduce disorder or intoxication were included.
Results Fifteen studies were identified,...
Aims Ecstasy, the street name for 3,4‐meththylenedioxymethamphetamine, has been associated with a range of psychiatric symptoms and impaired psychological health in both problem and recreational users. The purpose of the present paper is to determine how these impairments are related to the history of polydrug use, and the conditions under which individuals ingest ecstasy.
Design Associations between...
Aims Finland experienced a large reduction in alcohol prices in 2004 due to in the lowering of alcohol taxes by about one‐third and the abolition of duty‐free allowances for travellers from the European Union. We examined the effects of these changes on alcohol‐related hospitalizations.
Design and participants Time—series intervention analyses of monthly aggregations of hospitalization for acute...
Aims To study relationships between rates of alcohol‐related deaths and (i) the density of liquor outlets and (ii) the proportion of liquor stores owned privately in British Columbia (BC) during a period of rapid increase in private stores.
Design Multi‐level regression analyses assessed the relationship between population rates of private liquor stores and alcohol‐related mortality after adjusting...
Aims To develop and validate a measure of smokers' expectancies for the abstinence process upon quitting smoking: the Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire (SAQ).
Design Principal component analysis and other psychometric analyses of self‐report data.
Setting San Francisco, California.
Participants A total of 507 adult smokers of at least 10 cigarettes per day diverse in gender, sexual orientation...
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